Tower House 森林度假别墅
这是由美国Gluck+公司设计的度假别墅Tower House，坐落于纽约北部。这间小别墅最突出的部分在于其外观呈一座通向树梢的楼梯模样。为了减少建筑物对周围景观的影响，设计师把别墅的占地面积缩到最小。三层楼中每层只有一个迷你小套间，包括一间小卧室和浴室。顶层作为生活空间，就像森林华盖一样从楼中部伸展开，展现远处山峦湖水的美景。利用室外屋顶露台甲板，生活空间被延伸到树梢之上，形成观赏宽阔景色的极佳观望台。同时，玻璃封闭的楼梯突显了房间地板到树梢之上的空间，而背面涂有深绿色漆的玻璃通过反射周围树木，淡化了房屋外形，使之融入自然环境。黄昏时候，楼梯缆绳扶手上点缀的小灯就像树林里的萤火虫一样，伴着低沉的暮色闪闪烁烁。 作为度假别墅，Tower House多在几个冬日周末和大多数的夏日周末发挥作用。设计的当务之急是要为这个暂住居所制定一个可持续发展的，高效节能的方案，同时又必须满足最低的建造和维护成本。上下相叠的朝北卧室利用地板和玻璃天花板，尽享光线和风景。为了优化别墅内供热制冷的节能问题，制定的可持续发展策略可分成两部分，一是减少冬天房子内的热足迹，二是避免在夏天使用空调。别墅的供热采用传统方式，通过将室内所有的厨浴空间集中到隔热的中央核心区域。这样一来，冬天房子未被使用时，大部分能源使用装置都处于关闭状态。未被使用时，总面积约236平方米的空间只有65平方米左右的空间被加热。通过关闭室内除了核心区域以外的能源装置，能源消耗减少了49%。夏天，别墅内不开空调也非常凉爽舒适。因为冷空气通过烟囱效应进入房间。楼梯间周围朝南的玻璃构成一个太阳能烟囱，当热空气上升，从屋顶排出后，温度较低的北面就有新鲜空气补充进来。
This small vacation house is designed as a stairway to the treetops. Keeping the footprint to a minimum so as not to disturb the wooded site， each of the first three floors has only one small bedroom and bath， each a tiny private suite. The top floor， which contains the living spaces， spreads out from the tower like the surrounding forest canopy， providing views of the lake and mountains in the distance. An outdoor roof terrace deck above extends the living space above the treetops， offering a stunning lookout to the long view. The glass-enclosed stair also highlights the procession from forest floor to treetop aerie， while the dark green， back-painted glass exterior camouflages the house by reflecting the surrounding woods， de-materialising its form. At dusk， mini lights dotting the cable rail of the stair mimic local fireflies sparkling in the woods as day turns to dark. As a vacation home， the Tower House is used during a few weekends in the winter and most weekends in the summer. The design imperative was to develop a sustainable， energy efficient solution with minimal operating costs and maintenance for a house occupied part-time. The stacked north-facing bedrooms take advantage of light and views with floor to ceiling glass. In order to optimise energy savings for heating and cooling in this part-time residence， a two part sustainable strategy was employed to reduce the heating footprint of the house in the winter and to avoid the need for air conditioning in the summer. While the house is heated conventionally， by compressing and stacking all of the wet zones of the house into an insulated central core， much of the house can be "turned off" in the winter when not in use. When not in use， only 700 square feet of the 2，545 square foot house is heated. By closing the building down to only the insulated core， there is a 49% reduction in energy use. In the summertime， the house feels comfortable without air conditioning. Cool air is drawn in and through the house using the stack effect. South-facing glass throughout the stairwell creates a solar chimney and as the heated air rises， it is exhausted out the top， drawing in fresh air through the house from the cooler north side.
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