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[综合] 以色列国家图书馆竞标方案 |
设计团队: Gil even-Tsur，Aaron Vaden-Youmans， Maya Rilov， David Bly， Jaeyual Lee， Amina Bouayad 作为设计方，Gil Even-Tsur建筑设计室借助以色列国家图书馆方案提出了这样一个概念：从某种程度上说，建筑应当强势且具有批判性，但同时也要保持一定的谦卑与融入性。在具体的方案上，他们用造型和材料表达了一种所谓的美学上的中性，并以此作为对这一对矛盾的调和。该方案的建筑师认为：以往的大多数国家图书馆都主要立足于展示国家历史与文化身份，而这座新图书馆不论在功能上还是在给人的体验上，都应该远远超出旧的定义——以色列作为一个日益开放和全球化的国家，其国家图书馆应该用来定义一种成长与进取的精神。 在这一点上，这个图书馆方案表现出了相当的批判性。设计师的思路是避免将图书馆变成监狱，或者一个“镜子陷阱”——只能忠实地表现出一个完美无缺的结构，但同时却毫无创造力。因此他们并不愿意通过建筑来巩固或者定义我们社会的属性，而是去探索和证明它们。“我们的内心越开放，意志也就会越强大。”建筑师说。“我们的目标是让我们的设计中充满这种对以往建筑学甚至国家主义的批判，并在追求美感，功能和组织的同时，避免将外形毫无思想地复杂化。” 新的以色列国家图书馆方案并没有一个明确的入口。但实际上，人们从各种方向到来的各种路径最终都会被引入一个入口大厅。在设计师的眼里，一个参观者可能自己开车，或搭乘公共交通，或者骑车又或者是走路前来，而对于图书馆来说，不管人们如何到来，都有同等的重要性。比如：开车来的人，可以把车停在负一层的停车场，然后通过一个开放的电梯平台上升，便会进入视野开阔的中庭；从北边进入的参观者则首先进入一个具有现代感的小广场，然后通过一座倾斜的阶梯花园进入主体建筑，接着是阅览室；而从南边进入的参观者则首先会看到一个带有喷泉和景观树的广场，以及咖啡馆，餐厅和书店等组成的街景。总而言之，当在建筑内部穿行时，这座图书馆丰富的层次感所带来的体验，是传统建筑所无法比拟的。 该方案主结构是框架-深梁现浇板，其上覆盖隔热层并安装管线系统。在楼板外沿挂支撑各种幕墙的钢结构，外部有些部分是玻璃幕墙，有些部分则是风蚀钢板或石材，或者木材。这样丰富混合的外立面有时提供了一个能俯瞰耶路撒冷城的开阔视野，有时则是半透明石材的暖色调，还有时则完全封闭，构成一个适合静静思考和工作的空间。 总体上说，这个图书馆方案在建筑学上是流动且富有张力的，而且同样在建筑技术上完善可行——它力求兼顾开放性与结构安全，重视采光的同时也不忽视明暗对比。它采用了美学比例，构筑了一个舒适的工作空间，而且其高度的功能性，对于每个人都是平等的，无论是参观者，工作者或者团体。 译者：筑龙网 周源 版权归筑龙网所有，转载请注明出处。 Designed by Gil Even-Tsur Architecture Workshop， their concept for the new National Library suggests that the architecture should be critical， strong， but also deferential and contextually responsive. Their intent is to display an almost aesthetic neutrality in terms of its form， assemblies， and materials by providing an architecture that acknowledges this complexity. More images and architects’ description after the break.We believe that the library architecture should frame and engage this now global and expanding nation/our difficult whole in a way that encourages growth， recovery， and discovery. Some national libraries are mainly about the preservation of a specific historical knowledge or national identity. Some are about more. We understand that this library is about far more， and the architecture must enable this in both function and experience. Our proposal is critical. Architecture should avoid being prisons or mirror-traps (expressing a perfect， unyielding， unchanging structure which would fail to inspire the real work ahead). The design concept for our entry seeks to acknowledge this often very credible criticism of state sponsored architecture. The 20th-century philosopher-librarian George Bataille suggested that “…great monuments are erected like dikes， opposing the logic and majesty of authority against all disturbing elements; it is in the form of cathedral or palace that Church or State speaks to the multitudes and imposes silence upon them. It is， in fact， obvious that monuments inspire social prudence and often even real fear.” Bataille went on to explain that “architecture captures society in the trap of the image it offers… and [it] does not express the soul of societies， but rather smothers it…” We believe we can avoid designing a mirror-trap， and our current design concept is only a step in the process. We believe that our most important work is not defending， fortifying， defining ourselves/our societies， but exploring and improving ourselves/our societies. We are strong when we are open to change. The goal of our architecture is to fully engage this criticism of architecture and the state through a form that resists singularity in favor of multiplicity and complexity， while still seeking beauty， function， and strength of composition. Our proposal does not have a classically dramatic entry. All paths do eventually arrive at one main entry lobby， but we believe this site and the program present opportunities to define several equally considered arrival paths. One arrives by car， bus， tram， bike， or foot， and each will be very important for the library. By car， if parking below the library levels， visitors and employees will arrive from the garage and ascend via an open elevator platform， within a column of light/a hanging garden， open to views into the diverse library spaces. Both pedestrian paths， similar to the elevator platforms， offer views into and through the library program spaces. Those arriving from the north enter a modest plaza， and their experience of the building begins with a sloping courtyard garden， and introduces a glimpse of the reading room to the south. After entering a gracious plaza， tree filled and with a large fountain， the pedestrian path from the south offers more of an intimate street-scaled experience in which visitors are introduced to cafes， restaurants， and bookshops on one side， laboratories on the other. When one crosses the building from side to side， north to south， one is exposed to the many layers of activities that are the new National Library. Our proposal is for an architecture that is solid and strong， but flexible and anticipatory in its structural planning and systems integration. It is open， but safe. It is light filled without neglecting the importance of contrast and shadow. It presents a series of beautifully proportioned， calm， comfortable rooms for work. It is highly functional. The space for the individual researcher is no more or less considered than the space for the student tour group or employee. Finally， it is our goal that this architecture encourages encounters with the complexity of our past， present and future. 图包下载
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发表于 2013-5-2 11:45:59
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