高楼“天空城市”

超妹大爱infini

等到2014年到来时，迪拜的哈利法塔就不再是世界第一高楼了。位于中国长沙的“天空城市”将很快摘得此头衔。这座220层的塔将采用预制拼装建造工艺搭建。据Treehugger公司的Lloyd Alter称，该建筑的承建公司远大可建科技有限公司将于今年6月开始这项庞大的拼装建造工程。这座高效节能的摩天大厦将在建筑场地百分之十的空间内，营造出足以容纳整座城市的空间，为未来都市的可持续发展树立一个楷模。利用三个月的时间进行场外预制加工，随后七个月的时间内将这些建成的模块拼装在一起，形成整座“天空城市”大厦。这座高达838米、拥有220层楼的高塔将兼具各种功能，包括居民区、办公区、有机农场、娱乐场所、学校、医院等等。大厦内将建造4450户家庭公寓，面积由645平方英尺（约59.9平方米）到5000平方英尺（约464.5平方米）不等，并有92部电梯供居民上下。塔如其名，“天空城市”将被打造成一个立体的城市。“城”内可容纳10万人，并提供各种生活所需——水、电、污水处理系统（这可是哈利法塔所不具备的）、露天场所、学校、医疗保健等等，应有尽有。在这座仅占用部分建筑场地的建筑里，我们将看到一个将城市密度发挥到极致的前所未见的建筑构造。而与传统的摩天大厦不同的是，“天空城市”周围环绕着数个公园，这样大厦内的居民就能方便地进入到一片露天场所。这座组合式的高塔将采用各种节能措施，如8寸厚的保温墙、三层玻璃、外部遮阳（能减少百分之三十的制冷能耗），以及使用废热发电厂——将发电时产生的多余热量用于室内的供暖与制冷。低能耗的电梯将为建筑内的通行提供方便，而爱走路的朋友更可以沿着一条6英里（约9.7千米）的坡道上下而行，这条坡道从大楼的底层一直延伸到第170层。据Treehugger透露，该建筑项目将于今年6月开工，并在短短7个月（210天）的时间内竣工。无论是如此迅速的建造速度还是这座庞大的摩天大厦的总体规划，都让人不禁担忧。但远大可建科技有限公司一旦在这个项目上获得成功，便可为全世界提供一个高密度持续发展策略大范围实施的范例。公司保证该建筑将能经受9级地震的考验，且达到了耐烧3小时的耐火等级。Treehugger的Lloyd Alter 一番总结之词十分耐人寻味：“这将是一个充满争议的可持续发展景象。将3万人置于同一座大楼里面简直是强行销售。它提供的并不是很多人想象的那种田园式的绿色生活。毫无疑问，它的密度远远超出了我所称的‘恰如其分的密度’。但它在逻辑上延伸了Edward Glaeser/David Owen 的命题，即环保之路是向上的，只有减少人均用地和人们出行的交通跨度才能实现绿色环保。”“天空城市”里每一位居民的占地量是一般的地球居民占地量的百分之一，相对于人均5.5吨的二氧化碳用量，他们每人仅仅使用2吨二氧化碳。
译者：筑龙网 何碧云 译稿版权归筑龙网所有，转载请注明出处。
As soon as 2014， the Burj Khalifa  may no longer be the tallest building in the world. Sky City， a planned 220-story prefab tower in Changsha， China， will soon claim that title. According to Lloyd Alter at Treehugger， Broad Sustainable Building， the company behind the tower， will begin construction on the prefab behemoth this June. The energy-efficient skyscraper will literally house an entire city using just 10 percent of the site area， and it could serve as a model for sustainable urban development of the future.Sky city will be prefabricated off site in three months， and it will then be assembled in just seven months. Reaching up 838 meters (2，749 feet)， the 220-floor tower will feature residential， office space， organic farms， recreation spaces， schools， a hospital retail and much more. The tower will house 4，450 families in apartments ranging from 645 square feet to 5，000 square feet with 92 elevators at your disposal to reach them. As its name suggest， Sky City will be a vertical city that will accommodate 100，000 people and offer everything that is needed — water， electricity， sewage (unlike the Burj Khalifa)， open space， schools， health care and more. Using just a portion of its site， Sky City will be home to the most extreme urban density we’ve ever seen. But the difference between Sky City and say， Hong Kong， is that the tower will be surrounded by parks， meaning that every resident will have access to open space. The prefabricated tower will include many energy efficient strategies like 8-inch thick insulated walls， triple glazing， exterior shading that cuts down on cooling by 30 percent， and a co-generation plant that will use waste heat from power generation for heating and cooling. Transportation will be provided by low-energy elevators and for those who want to walk (or get exercise) there is a six-mile-long ramp running from the first to the 170th floor. According to Treehugger， construction is set to begin this June and is expected to be complete within seven months (210 days). The rapid pace of construction and the overall design for such a massive skyscraper could be a cause of concern， but if Broad Sustainable Building pulls it off， it may show the world how sustainable density can be achieved on a massive scale. The company assures that the building will be able to withstand a Magnitude 9 earthquake and will have a three-hour fire resistance rating.Lloyd Alter at Treehugger sums it up well: “This is going to be a controversial vision of sustainability; putting 30，000 people in a single building is a hard sell. It is not the bucolic version of green living that most people think of. It certainly is a lot higher than what I have called the Goldilocks Density. But it is the logical extension of the Edward Glaeser/David Owen thesis that the way to go green is to go up， reducing the amount of land used per person and the distances people travel.” A resident of Sky City will use 1/100th the average land per person as a regular global resident and will use only 2 tons of CO2 compared to 5.5 per capita.