“丰收”办公楼

超妹大爱infini

所 在 地：挪威 奥斯陆

‘Harvest’ Nordic Built Challenge Finalist Proposal

“丰收（Harvest）”项目是北欧建筑大奖赛最后角逐冠军的四个项目之一。这是一个在原有建筑基础上的扩建项目，其扩建对象是奥斯陆一座叫Postgirobygget的高层办公楼——这座办公楼因其地址是Biskop Gunnerus' gate 14号而被昵称为BG14。作为设计方的AHA+ and SAAHA事务所希望通过这个项目瞄准一个重点：在兼顾建筑本身的经济型与实用性的同时，探索出一条新的道路，让建筑具有足够的先进性，以应付任何“来自明天的挑战”。
建筑师在接下来的设计过程中着力于解决三个问题：1，如何在已经很拥挤的城市中运用最小化的空间，在已有的建筑基础上扩充出最大化的可能性；2，怎样重新审视已有的BG14大楼与周围环境的关系，并通过设计一个富有魅力的入口空间来改善它；3，设计一套能源系统，将周围环境与人群活动所产生的一切能量尽可能地利用起来。
为了不破坏BG14大楼本身的经济性，新的扩建项目必须选择在旧建筑的北面展开（应该是出于采光与能源的考虑——译者注）。扩建的新楼将在BG14大楼本身提供的2000个办公室的基础上增加至5000个，同时还有21000平方米的附加空间。同时建筑师还想通过这个项目建造全世界最高的木结构建筑——这并不是突发奇想，而是在环境效益与经济收益之间综合考量的结果。建筑师认为，合理运用木材料可以加强建筑功能性，让它变得聪明而富有美感，这也是传统北欧式建筑的思路。目前的结构研究也证明使用全木构是可行的。
BG14号大楼的入口广场拥有奥斯陆市中心最差的景观——金属围栏，纵横的电车轨道，环路立交桥等等杂乱无章地散步在周围，而且因为铁路而与热闹的中央车站广场完全被隔绝开来，只能通过地下通道或者天桥连接。这样造成的结果就是整个建筑地块死气沉沉。新的扩建项目将着力于改善这个问题，重新设计建筑与周围环境的关系，并且通过添加购物中心与各种公共空间来增强吸引力。
在能源方面，由于BG14大楼本身屋顶形状的限制，利用太阳能将变得比较困难。于是建筑师为整个建筑设计了一套所谓的“低阈值能源收集系统”，从建筑内部的日常活动和阳光射入，以及温差变化中获取微小的能量，将其收集并进行积极地管理，从而供应整个建筑运转所需要的大部分能量。这个过程便是项目主题“丰收”的含义。
外立面方面，新旧两个建筑都将采用交叉层压木材版覆盖大部分面积。这种材料在其全生命周期内可实现0碳排放，能在经济允许的范围内改善建筑的环境效能。同时为了保证足够的自然采光，玻璃占外立面总面积的大约25%。
关于BG14大楼原本死板重复的平面布置，建筑师将通过灵活布置优化它，比如可以将大办公室面积设定为40平米，拥有外部景观的个人办公室为11平米，或者将整层布置为15平米办公室的阵列，从而满足不同规模的租用者的要求，达到更好的经济效益。
译者：周源
译稿版权归筑龙网所有，转载请注明出处。
Developed by architects AHA+ and Solbjor Arkitekter， their ‘Harvest’ proposal was announced as one of the four finalists in the international competition Nordic Built Challenge for an extension of Postgirobygget， an existing high-rise building in Oslo. Going beyond BG14 and the refurbishment of Posthuset， their concept aims at becoming a new and innovative way to meet the challenges of tomorrow while ensuring financial and practical viability. More images and architects’ description after the break.
Our proposal provides a strategy that focuses on 3 main issues: How to expand existing building in most sustainable way on a small almost non existing site in a dense urban location; How to reconnect existing building to its surroundings and create new and attractive entrance; How to create a low threshold + active energy system that utilise the local and existing energy resources in the best possible way. By giving the right answers to these issues we create preconditions for optimized C2C strategy and enhance the flexibility of the office space in the building.
In order to balance costs with economic robustness we propose to expand the building on the north side of the BG14. This is the only rational and possible place to expand existing BG14 building. From existing 2000 working places we have created possibility for in total approx. 5000 working spaces and 21.000m2 additional spaces. Our proposal is to build highest wooden building structure in the world. This has some obvious environmental benefits but also strengthens iconic quality of the BG14 and creates new and global marketing possibilities. Wooden addition to existing building enhance It’s functionality， makes it smart and aesthetically appealing， a building in the best of the Nordic design tradition. We constructive studies believe this to be possible within existing technology.
Immediate urban surrounding of the entrance plaza is arguably one of Central Oslo’s most inhospitable seen from a pedestrian point of view. The entrance plaza is flanked by barriers. Fences， tramlines， a motorway and a huge roundabout bar pedestrian access. The street-fronts of the next-door neighbors are forbidding， isolating the BG14 entrance effectively from the teeming Central Station Plazas. Pedestrians are largely forced to use footbridges or underpasses. Our project proposes a NEW and inviting entrance area， that reconnects BG14 building to the neighbouring buildings and provide NEW and attractive mall address and public space.
Posthuset is not a conventional building. No ground areas are available for energy production; neither does the building have a large roof area. Is it possible to design house that is producer of energy? How to harvest and reuse energy that is generated by the use of the building its self and in the interaction between building and the elements? Biggest challenge is always not to produce enough energy but to manage to store it so that it can be used later. Our project proposes solution that makes this possible with “low threshold” technological solutions. By utilizing local resources and adapting to a local climatic condition we create possibility to achieve ambitious environmental and energy goals.
The proposed Active House Concept harvests energy. It feeds on excess heat trapped in the building as well as ambient energy at optimal times by means of storage techniques adapted to local conditions and opportunities. This is done to supply in situ renewable energy when most needed. The technology underpinning the concept is an energy-efficient and renewable energy system based on a unique dynamic thermal energy storage technology and an optimized control system.
The real challenge lies in proposing solutions that radically improve environmental performance while balancing costs with market willingness. We propose new facade solution based on cross laminated timber technology that will help owners to achieve zero emissions over its lifecycle. This choice of material not only on new part of the building but also on the existing facades towards south， east and west will improve reduction in carbon emissions for energy， materials and transportation. Our proposal enhances but also optimises the access of daylight in to the building. Developing further on some of the existing principles we propose solution that allows for variation on the glass surface area depending on orientation of the building. Total amount of glass area proposed in the wooden wall elements is on average around 25% of the facade surface.
BG14 has a large number of identical floors. With the proposed expansion of the building we optimize the floor plans in terms of area efficiency. We create flexible office space that can either be easily divided between various tenants or utilized by one larger tenant. If floors are used as mainly cell office plans we achieve approx 40 m2 per working place， 11 m2 for landscape office plans and for combination of these two we achieve 15 m2 per working space.