“烤箱别墅”修复与博物馆改造项目

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所 在 地：西班牙 利里亚 “Forn de la Vila”，或译为烤箱别墅，是一座建造于大约十三世纪的面包房。它也是利里亚地区最重要的平民哥特式建筑样本，带有瓦伦西亚地区历史建筑的显著特征。这座面包房一直经营到十九世纪末，并且逐步扩建为一座住房。在主要面积内，室内空间被两道砖拱券分为了高度不同的三块，用以区分不同的工作和居住面积。整修工程的第一步，是对整个建筑的砖结构进行加固，同时移除所有对结构本身或者对建筑物历史价值造成损害的内部设施。其后，便是将建筑的内部空间改造为一座建筑历史博物馆。所有修复工作都将采用传统材料和建筑技术。最后，“烤箱别墅博物馆”便宣告完工了。这座博物馆采用完全忠于历史的修复手段的目的，其主要功能就是帮助人们理解加泰罗尼亚地区传统建筑的构造，以及思考它们的演变。 译者：周源 译稿版权归筑龙网所有，转载请注明出处。 The “Forn de la Vila”， a bread furnace attached to the medieval walls， is one of the most important pieces of civil gothic in Llíria (Valencia， Spain). It was probably built in the late thirteenth century and according to its typology we can include it in traditional Valencian furnaces， historically named “Hornos de pan cocer.” As a result of a proliferation of private bread furnaces in Llíria， in the second half of XIXth century， the Forn de la Vila ends functioning as a furnace and it starts being used exclusively as a dwelling.It is characterized by its lancet arches of ashlar， which start from the ground at different levels， as well as by their stays covered by wooden beams and the enclosure with a brick vault of the furnace (olla). The interior is divided into three levels separated by two central arches that are situated in parallel， there are two othertransverse arches. In the first phase of restoration the historic stonework were consolidated and the unsuitable items， which were negatively affecting its structure and which were threatening the integrity of the monument， were eliminated. Then， the efforts were focused on the recovery of the building typology， and to enable it as an educational resource of history and ethnology， through the restoration， the reconstruction and the rehabilitation of the original medieval furnace elements (olla， chimney， fleca， alcabor， etc.).In the cours of this last phase， the museography of Forn de la Vila was accomplished， whose main objective was to help understanding better this building， in a constructive and in a typological way， and to publish its evolution throughout the history. The museography proposal was to turn the Forn de la Vila of Llíria into a site museum， finding in this option the ideal choice to recover this example of Valencian civil gothic architecture， and achieving that the building and its constructive elements did not lose their historical， functional and typological sense.With this purpose a sign or an identification plaque indicates the item to emphasize and， where appropriate， the approximate date of its execution and its incorporation to the patrimonial ensemble. A series of information panels will help us to understand the use and the history of the building that we are visiting. On the one hand they explain in a graphical and in a written way the operation and the different parts of the furnace， and other they contextualize the building historically and graphically.