岩兰草之城

超妹大爱infini

所 在 地：中国 上海 上海是中国人均二氧化碳排放量最高的城市之一，同时也是2004年和2007年间二氧化碳排放量最大的城市。另一个令人困扰的问题是上海的水质量，约80%的水来自于世界上污染最严重的河流之一——黄浦江。由于河流中的工业废水含有高浓度的氯，氮，磷和有毒重金属，迫使大部分的居民选择瓶装饮用水，而不是过滤水。中国承诺到2020年将单位GDP二氧化碳排放下降40%-45%，达到这一目标奉行着两条标准：第一，净化雨水和对生活废水进行过滤回收，以供日常生活所用； 第二，通过大量吸收空气中的二氧化碳量以达到二氧化碳的减少。这一点的达成就需要感谢新摩天大楼的设计——岩兰草之城，其将岩兰草的特性与功能二者完美融合在建筑设计当中。 岩兰草，是具有独特的特点的热带植物，被许多专家称之为奇迹草。从80年代起，岩兰草生态系统（VS）就已经被广泛的运用于各个领域，该系统是基于植物用途而成，已在许多国家用于解决土壤保持，边坡巩固，污染控制，水质改进以及其他环境问题。岩兰草对不利气候条件有高耐受性，这种植物能在非常广的气候条件下生长，几乎可以运用在地球任何地方。岩兰草最主要的特点在于，它拥有细致结构和渗透性根，其可作为重金属元素超富集植物，在使用48-72小时后，污染减少量已可达到80-90%。此外，岩兰草生态系统对大气中二氧化碳的吸收具有很好的作用，可以用来解决许多与空气污染相关的问题。CIAT (国际热带农业中心)研究员表示岩兰草等植物每年每平方米能够吸收约5.3Kg的二氧化碳。全球每年二氧化碳增加量估计约为20多亿吨，所以我们只需在世界各地种植4000亿株岩兰草来吸收二氧化碳，但要做到覆盖更广面积的目标，我们也许需要将这种水平种植岩兰草的方式，改进为——垂直种植。 如果岩兰草拥有这些神奇功能，那我们为什么不将其运用到建筑设计当中，从而达到可持续发展的目的？410米高的岩兰草之城位于黄浦江与卢湾区之间的区域，即2010年世博会场馆前的区域，选址旨在突出摩天大楼的多功能性与岩兰草生态系统的可持续发展性。岩兰草之城大楼的南面设计理念是，在黄浦江河岸上种植280，000株岩兰草，使其看起来犹如一座人造岩兰草山。岩兰草系统集成使用了条形双管，这种条形双管拥有可以将废水输送至岩兰草地的重要功能，经过岩兰草2-3天的处理，再通过岩兰草地上的水泵将净化过的水输送回大楼内使用。岩兰草生态系统是个多样化的可持续发展系统：环境的可持续发展，经济可续发展（成本比传统的工程设计方法便宜70%），同时还是社会的可持续发展（可以运用到每一个国家，无论最贫穷，还是最富裕的国家）。这正是印证了诺尔-维特梅尔在1996年二月召开的第一届国际岩兰草大会上所说的：“岩兰草可以使可持续发展更加具有可持续性”。 Shanghai is one of the Chinese cities with the highest levels of CO2 emissions per capita and held the lead as the biggest carbon dioxide emitter between 2004 and 2007. Another problem that affects the city relates with the quality of water， which is severely contaminated: about 80% of the water comes from the Huangpu river， one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Due to industrial effluents the river contains high levels of chlorine， nitrogen， phosphorus and toxic heavy metals， forcing most of residents to buy bottle drinking water rather than filter domestic water. In according with the pledge of China to reduce CO2 emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product by 40 to 45 percent by 2020， the project pursues a dual objective: firstly， the purification of rainwater and wastewater produced by the building in order to recycle it for office and domestic use; secondly， the carbon dioxide reduction through the absorption of amounts of CO2 contained in the atmosphere. It is possible thanks to the combination between the properties of Vetiver plant with the features of a new kind of skyscraper: the VetiVertical City.The ‘Chrysopogon zizanioides’， well known as Vetiver， is a tropical plant with unique characteristics， so much that experts call it the miracle grass. Since the 80s， the Vetiver System (‘VS’)， based on the use of this plant， has been tested in many countries for soil conservation， slope stabilization， pollution control， water quality improvement and many other environmental applications. Thanks to high tolerance to adverse climatic situations， this plant can be grown over a very wide range of climatic conditions and virtually used anywhere across the planet. One of the main features of Vetiver are the finely structured and penetrating roots， used as hyper-accumulators of nutrients and heavy metals， with a reduction by 80-90% after 48-72 hours of treatment. Additionally the Vetiver System has great potential for atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake and could be able to solve many problems relating with air pollution. The CIAT researchers reported that plants like Vetiver can absorb about 5，3 kg of CO2 per square meter during a year. As the annual global increase of CO2 is estimated to be about 20 billion tons， we only probably need to plant 4，000 billion Vetiver plants all over the world to absorb all this gas， but to cover this space probably we need to change the perspective of the horizontal spread of Vetiver into something more… vertical.If Vetiver has these miraculous features， why don’t use it in architecture for sustainable purposes? The 410 meters tall VetiVertical City， located on an area between the Huangpu river and the Luwan district， in front of the area which hosted the World Expo in 2010， aims to match the multi-functionality of a skyscraper with the new sustainable technology of VS. The south facade of the building is conceived as an artificial mountain growing from the banks of Huangpu， where 280.000 Vetiver plants can implement a huge sustainable potential. The Vetiver System is integrated with strip-shaped double-sector ducts that have the important function to transport wastewater to Vetiver plants and， after 2-3 days of treatment， to send back to the building purified water through pumps located at the feet of the Vetiver land. The VS is a multi-sustainable system: it’s environmental sustainable， it’s economically sustainable (costs are 70% cheaper than traditional engineering methods) and it’s social sustainable (can be used in every country， from the richest to the poorest). ‘Vetiver can literally make sustainability sustainable’ as Noel Vietmeyer said during the First International Conference on Vetiver in February 1996.