玛格考特球场重建

江v洋

项目名称：玛格考特球场重建

所 在 地：澳大利亚 墨尔本

在作为澳大利亚网球公开赛大本营的墨尔本和奥林匹克公园，玛格丽特.考特球场在其最近的重建过程中正经历着转变，将成为该辖区的第三个全天候球场。

NH Architecture + Populous 设计组正在代表维多利亚政府为维多利亚重大项目组工作，以完成造价3.66亿美元的墨尔本公园重建项目（1期）。此项目将于2015年之前完成，包括创新性的可开合屋顶，7500 个观众座席，以及与相邻的罗德.拉沃尔球场连接的广场通道。

改建后的玛格丽特.考特球场的主要功能是承担大满贯赛事的大型比赛，但是这个多用途赛场还将承接篮网球、篮球、大型音乐会和娱乐活动。其活动屋顶将是澳大利亚境内闭合速度最快的赛场屋顶，能够在不到五分钟的时间内完全闭合，这使得玛格丽特.考特球场成为全年赛事不断的全天候精品球场。

创新大胆的屋顶设计确保该球场具有自己的独特标志，在墨尔本和奥林匹克公园辖区的开发中开启了新的篇章。金属屋顶的 "铜便士" 颜色是经过深思熟虑设计的，以配合现有建筑的颜色，特别是相邻的老大哥罗德.拉沃尔球场的颜色，但同时也彰显出了玛格丽特.考特球场的个性。屋顶的颜色和形状反映着墨尔本建筑的一些传统元素，特别是雅拉河两岸建筑的砂岩和锌铜色。

屋顶的创新性褶层轮廓减少了其结构深度，并显著减小了建筑的视觉体量。屋顶的褶层特点还提供了向下折至人行层的灵活性，以实现防风雨功能，特别是在球场的入口处。建筑各面的大挑檐为周围廊道和公共区域提供遮阳，并为在澳大利亚公开赛中常常头顶盛夏烈日的顾客们提供了小憩区。

屋顶是总体建筑形式的四个关键设计元素之一，另外三个设计元素是碗状结构、广场和圆顶地下室。最终结果是形成了一种 "容器" 式的一致建筑形式，其中，碗状座席成为一种关键的建筑表达形式，从而可形成独立的广场区。大面积玻璃窗最大限度地增加了视野，并向路人展示出了其内部结构。

此项目以其可持续行动设立了新的标杆。其目标是成为澳大利亚境内首座获得LEED认证的体育场馆，从而在ESD措施方面能够与其它相似的全球场馆相媲美。耗水量经过精心考虑，并采取了可持续策略以减少饮用水消耗量。配套工程提供了雨水收集和处理基础设施，包括用于收集新屋盖上的雨水的450万升雨水储池。初步计算表明，与常规赛场设计的节水措施相比，此赛场的总体用水量减少了45%。赛场与公共交通设施毗邻，因而最大限度地降低了场内停车的需求，并为自然区域留出了更多空间，改善了该辖区的独特停车环境。

当玛格丽特.考特赛场在2015年开放时，它将成为一座创新性的非露天精品体育场馆，完成实现墨尔本和奥林匹克公园辖区规划的重要一步。

In the latest redevelopment phase at Melbourne and Olympic Parks， home to the Australian Open Tennis Tournament， Margaret Court Arena is undergoing transformation to create the precinct’s third all-weather arena.

The design team， NH Architecture + Populous， is working for Major Projects Victoria on behalf of the Victorian Government to complete the $366M Melbourne Park Redevelopment (Stage 1). This project to be completed by 2015， includes an innovative retractable roof， seating for 7，500 spectators and concourse connectivity to the adjacent Rod Laver Arena.

The primary function of the redeveloped Margaret Court Arena will be to stage major matches of the Grand Slam tournament， but the multi-purpose venue will also host netball， basketball， major concerts and entertainment events. Its operable roof will be the fastest closing roof in Australia， able to shut completely in less than five minutes enabling Margaret Court to become a functional all-weather boutique venue for a busy all year round schedule.

The bold roof design ensures the venue will create its own identity signalling the beginning of a new chapter in the development of the Melbourne and Olympic Parks precinct. The “copper penny” colour of the metal roof has been deliberately designed to complement the existing architecture， particularly big brother next door， Rod Laver Arena， but also to express Margaret Court Arena’s own individuality. The colour and shape of the roof reflects some of the traditional elements of Melbourne architecture， particularly the sandstone， zinc and copper of buildings along the Yarra River.

The roof’s innovative pleated profile reduces its structural depth and importantly reduces the visual bulk of the building. The pleated nature of the roof also provides the flexibility to fold down to pedestrian level to provide weather protection， particularly at venue entrances. Large roof overhangs on all sides of the building provide shade to the surrounding concourse and public realm， offering a respite for patrons facing the hot summer sun which is often a part of the Australian Open.

The roof is one of the four key individual design elements that have contributed to the overall architectural form; others are the bowl， concourse and the undercroft. The result is a cohesive architectural form conceived as a “container” where the seating bowl becomes the key architectural expression allowing concourse areas to be developed independently. Large areas of glazing maximise views and expose the internal architecture to passers-by.

The project sets a new benchmark with its sustainability initiatives. It is aiming to be the first LEED accredited sports venue in Australia， so that it can be compared with other similar global venues for ESD measures. Water consumption has been carefully considered and sustainable strategies adopted to reduce potable water consumption.  Enabling works have provided the infrastructure for rainwater harvesting and treatment facilities which include a 4.5mL storm water retention tank to capture rainwater from the new roof. Preliminary calculations demonstrate an overall reduction of 45% in water use against conventional arena design water efficiency measures. The Arena’s proximity to alternative public transportation minimizes the need for onsite parking and sets aside more space for natural areas thereby serving to reinforce the precinct’s unique park setting.

When the Margaret Court Arena opens in 2015， it will create an innovative， covered boutique sports arena that will achieve a significant step in the realization of the Melbourne and Olympic Parks precinct masterplan.